Friend or Foe? Perceptual categorization across species.

Kant: Friend or Foe of the Believer? Plantinga and Other American Christian Responses to Kant's Epistemology

Apocrine Metaplasia in Intraductal Papilloma with Foci of DCIS: A Friend or Foe?

Malignant papillary neoplasms of the breast comprise a number of microscopically distinct lesions, where apocrine metaplasia is commonly found in papillomas compared to other papillary lesions including papillary carcinomas. However, association of apocrine metaplasia in papilloma with Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) is not very well defined. The lesions with apocrine metaplasia are not only di...

Models of visual categorization.

Visual categorization refers to our ability to organize objects and visual scenes into discrete categories. It is an essential skill as it allows us to distinguish friend from foe or edible versus poisonous food. Understanding how the visual system categorizes objects and scenes is a challenge because it requires bridging the gap between different levels of understanding-from the level of neura...

Transgenic species. Engineered fish: friend or foe of the environment?

Human substantia nigra neurons encode decision outcome and are modulated by categorization uncertainty in an auditory categorization task

The ability to categorize stimuli - predator or prey, friend or foe - is an essential feature of the decision-making process. Underlying that ability is the development of an internally generated category boundary to generate decision outcomes. While classic temporal difference reinforcement models assume midbrain dopaminergic neurons underlie the prediction error required to learn boundary loc...